Politics and Economy of the Contemporary Middle East Essay

Politics and parsimony of the Contemporary Middle East - Essay ExampleThe main question is whether the uprisings were effective in see their goals. The people were not aware that after the revolution they would have to rebuild their countries. The revolution was experienced otherwise across different countries and the effects were felt across the region due to the destabilisation of trade and governmental sphere.The revolution that started in Egypt and Tunisia was unexpected and many were caught unawareness be cook of the number of people that came out to support the calls for turn in the countries. This triggered a wave of pro-democracy protests across the region, with many achieving their goals. Essentially, the two countries had similar problems facing them mainly social-economic grievances and policy-making objectives (Beinin & Vairel 2011150). They knew that the only way of attaining their freedom was by changing the political class and instituting change starting from the highest stance in the country. The major problem especially amongst the Tunisians and Egyptians was not that the economy was falling, their living standards were. The poor were experiencing harder economic time and the richer were enjoying the spoils without caring about those at the bottom (Anantram, Chase-Dunn & Reese 2010605). A combination of high inflation rates, decreasing advantage and high unemployment amongst the middle and poor classes was disturbing. The people wanted changes but the government was not listening to the people. The leading were buys looking the other side instead of creating platforms to improve the lives of their people. The demographic growths were also a point of link up because the jobs created were for the low-skilled and low-wage earners, yet the number was stagnant despite an increase in the population.Political oppression and repression was another cause of the revolution. Many of the basic

Syrian revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Syrian revolution - Research Paper ExampleIt also has a complex terrain with a desert, mountains and plain toss off that caused fragmentation in the socio-cultural diversity. Syria is unique in the history of the world especially due(p) to the inclusion of Lebanon and promised republic in its boundaries. Even though Syria is small in size, it has an immense influence (Hitti 3). In the 1800s, the whiff pudding stone was composed of Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine. Historically, Syria was initially made up of two separate divisions that are the city and the desert. The city be a place of wealth and power since it became the route of trading between the East and the West. Syria became a bridge over of spreading culture from its neighbors thus becoming loci of civilization and commercialized wares (Hitti 4). Civilization in Syria has been continuous and has been mostly influenced by the Western culture. In the pre-history Syria, there was wheat plantation, copper w as discovered and there was the emergence of pottery. These increments brought to the highest degree changes in the pattern of carriage. The rural Revolution started and bulk began to live a more settled life in small villages and towns (Hitti 6). The surface occupied by the desert is 10% but it became an agrarian society. culture flourished when the state provided security and irrigation. Syria was succeeded by military empires with no sovereign ruling set. One of the greatest empires was the Ottoman (1516-1918) which was headed by a religious sultan. Land was owned by the state and the people were seen as flocks that were to be protected and swindled to sustain the ruling class. Islam was the key unifying creed of the state which ensured that there was allegiance to the state, 90% of the people in Syria were Muslims. Ottoman Empire enhanced bigger markets, improved security and the protection of the peasants against potential landlords thus stimulating trade and industry g rowth. With the fall of the Ottoman empire after the World war 1, Arabic provided an element of an alternative identity (Seale 4-7). Until 19th century the state owned most of the land hence there was no emergence of estate class, resulting to agricultural decline. Due to the decline in the Syrian economy in the 18th century the state became vulnerable to the Western power (Seale 7-10). The European commercial treaties did not protect the Syrian textile industries. The Europeans who had interest in Syria encouraged the intensification of cash crops production. This created a class of middlemen and money lenders mostly dominated by the minority group- the Christians. Commercial agriculture and private ownership did not stimulated agriculture revolution. The French rule, did not go beyond trade and infrastructure. In 1921-1946, Syrian people revolted against their colonizers until they got their independence in 1946. Thus, the early capitalist penetration stimulated a reliant, lopsid ed and partial development in Syria. It resulted to a modern state with a patrimonial culture and a dependent economy. Agrarian emergency, class conflict and the drastic change in the army further weakened the frail Syria. The awkward has emerged through the patriotism which made the country become the heartbeat of the Arabian nationalism. Arab unity and Anticolonialism came about due to the Bath party which brought a corrupt political order that resulted to backwardness in political, economic and social structures (Seale 39).The party experienced many weaknesses resulting to the radical change in the country

Learning and Instruction Part 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Learning and Instruction Part 2 - Assignment Exampleasks (c) intimacy about strategies and tactics for acquiring, integrating, applying, and thinking about new learning (d) prior content experience and (e) knowledge of both present and future contexts in which the knowledge could be useful. Hence, my style of teaching would be constructivist with these learners as opposed to direct with novice learners.As McKeachie would have liked to put it, strategic teaching and Strategic learning are like flip sides of a coin. Hence, the idea of strategic teaching moldiness be closely aligned with that of strategic learning and the process is a two-way street where the instructor must orient his or her teaching strategies based on the level of education and prior knowledge of the student. roughly interventions designed to increase either the effectiveness or efficiency of training focus on instructional materials, methods, and teaching strategies. A critical component that is often ignored in most of these approaches is the degree to which the single is ready and able to interact with the instruction in ways that will result in meaningful and enduring learning.Q2) TEACHING LARGE CLASSES Although people teaching large classes often try to avoid multiple-choice/ true-false tests, it has been found that such efforts seem to be appreciated by almost no one. Although researchers whitethorn criticize the limitations of anything other than essay tests, they usually are willing to accept an alternative if more than cubic decimetre students are involved. When teaching large classes, it has been found to be useful to make sure that the lectures contain teeming material not covered in the supporting text to make it worthwhile for students to attend lectures. wondering(a) In his research McKeachie found that effective methods of questioning were usually those that succeeded specific instructions from the teacher. For instance, the line, please relegate your explanation as to how you arrived at your particular answer provided students and

Application of Theories in Firms Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Application of Theories in Firms - Assignment ExampleCompanies use penetration marketing to gain market sh are and retain their customers rule Various literature and information were evaluated as regards the culture of employee empowerment theory. Empowerment as a friendly theory is traceable to Freire, an educator and humanitarian of Brazilian origin who espoused a plant for liberating the oppressed in the world using education. The idea of empowerment was mostly associated with alternative approaches to social or psychological development. The theory of employee empowerment suggests that employees will undertake their duties and responsibilities in a more responsible, efficient, and effective manner if they are allowed to carry on in a less encumbered way and are better informed (Hur, 2006). Employee understanding of the mission, objectives, vision, and goals of the caller will enable them demonstrate greater initiative, risk-taking and responsibility when they are effectively trained, accorded an environment that is relatively big of castigatory consequences and they have some authority in making decisions. It involves delegating authority up to the lowest take within the organization where decision making is allowed. Over the past twenty years, the theory of employee empowerment has been attempt and proven to yield considerable predictive value (Towns, 2010). Employee empowerment culture gives employees the leeway to make decisions by themselves and this gives a lot of room for creativity, and entails principles of shared leadership and is a shift from the traditional hierarchical leadership method. It incorporates an approach that is motivational where not much independent power and authority is accorded to employees. The other approach is relational that entails a lot of power decentralization (Towns, 2010). Question Two The theory of penetration pricing is a strategy that entails giving customers a markedly low price (compared to average market price) at the earliest stages of the business enterprise with the belief that over time due to experience and increased efficiency, costs of turnout will go down for instance due to economies of scale. This ultimately leads to the enterprise becoming profitable (Rao, 2009). It is fitted when a completely new product is being introduced, the market has customers that are price sensitive, a brat of a competitor entering the market exists, and continuous innovation is expected. Question three This memo reviews Google and Wal-Mart as two companies in the USA that practice employee empowerment and penetration pricing respectively. Most traditional companies train their employees to rely and depend upon leaders whom they really have no intrinsic connection to as the message for companion progress. Employees are just not trusted to make the right decisions on matters affecting the company on their own (Llopis, 2010). Google has shown leadership and breaking away from the pack by emp owering their employees to make decisions and explore their creativity. Google employees are empowered to use 20 percent of the time they spend at work daily to absorb personal projects that are not related to Google as a company and remarkably enough, this presently accounts for fractional of Google

Do curfews keep teens out of trouble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Do curfews keep teens unwrap of trouble - Essay Exampleect various age groups in our society, we precaution the most for the young people in our society who, due to reckless abandon caused by their new-made enthusiasm for life, tend to place themselves in precarious situations. These dangerous situations are usually connected to their fare of the fun time offered by a night life. As parents who fear for the safety of their tiddlerren, a curfew move upon their childs night time activities offers a semblance of protection for both parties. The idea being that if a child is home by a certain hour of the night, he or she will be open to avoid the pitfalls that often befall the adventurous teens at night.An analysis of the history and reasons behind the implementation of maternal and citywide curfews reveal the details as to why these sectors find curfews an effective deterrent when it comes to keeping their children out of trouble the night holds some unseen circumstances that ch ildren and teenagers whitethorn not be capable of dealings with at their current age. Therefore there submits to be some sort of system in place that can help protect them from the things that go bump in the night on reality streets. Since teenagers these days can be really hot headed and emotional, it is important to make sure that they are in a safe place once night time sets in because as the night deepens, tempers may end up flaring in certain situations.It is saddening to note that curfews were not needed during the past eras in the United States. The night streets were safe places for them to hang out with their friends after dinner or on a Friday night so they can relax after a hectic school week. Teenagers were not of all time held in the grips of curfew mania as they are today. Newspaper articles from decades gone by have shown that there was a time in our country when it was safe for teenagers to go out and party at night. Schools did not need to have metal detectors at the gates, school dances were the highlight of the school year, and teenagers would go

Who were the Essenes Summarize at least three ways in which Essene Essay

Who were the Essenes Summarize at least three ways in which Essene practice and belief may have influenced Christianity - screen Examplee Essenes were an important group because they flourished and shared some views with other groups of the same time such(prenominal) as too soon rabbinic Jews and Christians. Therefore, this means that certain views and beliefs produced profound effect on Christianity on the early stages of its development.First of all, the core belief shared by the members of Essene brotherhood was the idea of messianism, i.e. upcoming reach of the Messiah. According to the Dead Seas Scrolls, Essenes dope be called the religious community, in which the idea of messianism flourished (Patella). This sect was against any weapons, though they would carry it only as a means of protection against robbers and were ready to use it only in struggle against the forces of evil, when the Messiah would come to rescue the Gods people. Impact of these beliefs can be traced in f oundations of the New Testament Christianity, as the idea of Jesus Christ as a messiah who came to deliver all sins of people is in the core of Christian belief.Secondly, the form of organisation practiced by the Essenes can be paralleled to that of the early Christian church building. The community was ruled by the collegium consisting of 12 priests. Later, in the apostolic period, the church was headed by the twelve apostles. The structure of Essene sect incorporated bishops, priests, churches, gospels, disciples etc. church hierarchy and organization probably inspired that of Christianity, along with the way of Holy Scriptures allegorical interpretation. This statements seems especially plausible, as Essenes existed long forrader the dawn of the New Testament Christianity.Thirdly, there is a considerable number of customs and traditions that seem to be borrowed by early Christianity from the Essenes. For example, the latter lived in communities, rejected money, served each ot her and mainly observed chastity these features can be easily traced in monastic rules of Christian church. The principles guiding their lifestyle must

Gender Inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender Inequality - Essay Exampley termed Enqute Mortalit, Morbidit et Utilisation des Services- EMMUS (translated as Survey on Morbidity, Mortality and Use of Services) that realized similar exit on domestic violence against women. According to the 2000 of the EMMUS report, 30 percent of the women who participated account having faced violence by their partners/spouse since age 1. In the period marking 2005-2006, the percentage went down to about 27 percent, and in 2007 went down further to 25 percent. It is possible to see that the prevalence of the domestic violence has been on the lour over the years. One possible interpretation of the outcome has been linked to the 2005 revision of the penal code. Such is the typesetters case that following this revision, rape became a major crime that was punished by 10 years to spirit imprisonment. Here, it is believed that this revision may have created some level fear to the violence perpetrators. Another possible translation is the id ea that fewer women could afford the courage of reporting violence by their spouses knowing well that the consequences for such(prenominal) violations had been made more severe. Be that as it may, these variations in percentages may not be too significant, demonstrate that perhaps the arrange judicial changes have not served well to bring about the necessary security department for women who face the risk of domestic violence. Comparison of the prevalence of this vice in Haiti with that depicted in ground forces and some Carrabin counties show a slight difference, with Haiti taking the lead. For instance, in 2000 the percentage of domestic violence reported by women with regard to an intimate was set at 25, a figure that is slightly lower than that enter in Haiti. Based on this comparison, it is possible to see that the Haitian society does not necessarily present more violence against women however, the low level development may heighten the difficulties experienced by the vic tims. earthly concern banks added its voice on this issue underscoring the need

Exploring the use of outdoor play to support children's development in Dissertation

Exploring the use of give awaydoor play to substitute childrens development in a nursery in Beckton - Dissertation ExampleBeing able to play exteriors was comprehend to be good for ones health and well-being. The respondents reported that supervision of outdoor play entailed challenges in keeping the environment safe for the children, adding variety to their play and keeping them appropriately dressed for whatever wear there is during their outdoor play. Analysis of the data led to recommendations of using a bigger number of participants, proceeds of the questionnaire and using focus group interviews to yield more qualitative insights from practitioners in the early years. Purposes and Aims This study purports to research how outdoor play co-occurrences childrens development in one nursery school in Beckton. This childrens centre caters to very young children aged two to five years. Being awargon that play serves umpteen purposes for children (Bruce, 2004 Eden, 2008 Wood & A ttfield, 2005), this research wants to explore first-hand, what teachers, practitioners, p bents and children themselves think about outdoor play and how it is beneficial to them and childrens increase and development. Most studies focus on the benefits of play, however, not many studies specifically refer to outdoor play, especially those which are unstructured. Some studies focus on the safety of outdoor play (White, 2008 Clements, 2004).Allowing young children to play freely out in the sun without much physical constraints offered indoors may yield behaviours and outcomes which are not usually studied. This is the rationale for the choice of research to find out more about what outdoor play displace do to support childrens early development and how adults around them view outdoor play out-of-door play is differentiated with indoor play by the venue and nature of the play experience. As the book of account implies, outdoor play is held outdoors, with less physical constraint s and more space to move around. The literature likens the outdoors to a garden (Herrington, 2001 Froebel, 1898 Wood & Attfield, 2005) where large motor play is encouraged (Wellhousen, 2002). Outdoor play has been found to support several benefits for children, among these, physical gains, promotion of spirituality, independence, critical thinking and enhancement of childrens love for nature (Lindon, 2000 Faegre et al, 1958). It also is a natural motivation for social interaction with peers. This research will be useful for teachers, parents, caregivers and new(prenominal) adults involved in the care and education of young children. Their young wards are at the stage when they are curious, physically active and restless to find out more about their world. This research attempts to bring dizzy to the topic of outdoor play and provide ideas to adults on how they can use outdoor play to support the childrens over-all growth and development. This research is conducted to find out th e following How is outdoor play used to support the childrens development? What are the possible benefits of outdoor play? What are the possible challenges in supply for outdoor play? Data Results and Discussion of Findings This section presents the results of the study as well as discusses its implications for outdoor play and its significance in the development of young children as viewed by teachers and practitioners, parents and the children themselves. Presentation of findings culled from raw

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic Management - Essay usagelated businesses, gaining administrative synergy in the process by utilizing their exis tin cang presence in wide geographic areas of Australia, and 3) using the Owner-Managed Branch (OMB) concept to attract investment capital and entrepreneurial commitment of experienced marge executives.2. Bank of Queenslands lending grew by 27 per cent and retail deposit by 33 per cent and these figures were 1.7 and 3.7 times ahead of overall growth of the Australian banking system. This market leadership has been maintained tin the last two years.It is obvious that the bank has scanned its environment correctly and has matched its resources and capabilities with the threats and opportunities in the external environment to repay such impressive results. These achievements prove that Bank of Queensland has applied sound strategic management principles and practices. In scathe of functional strategy, its efforts to improve efficiency and a customer-centric appro aches have yielded good rewards for the company. Its business strategy of opening Owner-Managed classes and expanding its branch networks has worked wonders for the bank in terms of deposits generated and volume of lending, as well as sound bottom lines. Finally, the banks unified strategy of acquiring related businesses to complement organic expansion has proved a success as well. Unless the momentum falters, the future looks bright for Bank of Queensland.Bank of Queensland (BOQ) is Australias fastest growing full-service retail bank and has undertaken an war-ridden expansion program in the last five years that has brought its rapidly growing network to 280 branches and 13 business banking offices throughout Australia. Its unique franchise-type Owner-Managed Branch model permits individuals, mainly former bank executives, to own and tend local branches backed by the product range and security of the bank. BOQ is listed in the Australian Stock convert since 1971 began its expan sion thrust in 1985

The Relationship between Social Media and Brand Management Dissertation

The Relationship between brotherly Media and Brand Management - Dissertation ExampleHence, it is noted that loving media has become one of the key line of descent communication tools, which has helped modern organizations to promote their nocks worldwide. On the other hand, the online marketing concept has triggered impressive transformations, especially in the domain of brand management, thereby eliminating the risks inherent to the traditional marketing concept (Brindle, 2011).The use of social media for brand management was also considered quite helpful for both the customers as well as for the company, owing to its capacity to target customers in clusters and reach them with efficiency, within a very short time span. It is also noteworthy that the brand image of a company is perceived as one of the most valuable assets in the modern day context. This particular assertion becomes quite apparent with reference to the strategies applied by Alibaba company to promote its brand in a popular Chinese social media named Sina Weibo. Alibaba Group is noted as one of the most popular Chinese e-commerce retail outlets, which deals in all kinds of products. Prior to the inception of social media, brand managers engaged in different companies followed various marketing communication strategies, such as storytelling, rapacious and frequent advertisement as well as newsletter distribution to the customers. In this regard, it can be mentioned that the traditional methods of brand advance were less cost-efficient in comparison to the modern brand promotion strategies, which certainly raises a noteworthy challenge to modern organizations. However, the advent of online brand management strategy has turn out cost efficient as well as less time-consuming in nature to moderate previous stress factors associated to companys customer relationship strategies through brand management (Jenkinson et. al., 2005).

Pain Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

pain in the neck Management - Term Paper ExampleIt is not acceptable for patients to be odd to experience bother without proper counsel from medical staff in a health instalment (H any-Lord & Larsson, 2006). It is in like manner unacceptable for hold dears to leave out knowledge and skills to garter patients manage their distressful situations. It is a professional affair for nurses to be accountable to patients with regard to trouble management. There have been calls in the nursing field to embarrass pain management as a compulsory component of pre-nursing training programs so as to hold back all nurses are fully equipped with necessary skills that will enable them to manage their patients painful situations. This, if implemented will result in patients receiving high standards of pain assessment and management. It will also help reduce instances of unnecessary suffering from patients. Pain assessment is the first step in pain management and treatment. The main object ives of a successful pain assessment process should be aimed at cut the pain that the patient is experiencing, increasing the patients comfort, improving the patients physical, physiological and psychological prevail as well as ensuring the patient is satisfied with the pain management process. It is not slack to beat and assess pain. Nurses have to be aware of various factors that can influence how the patient feels and how he or she expresses pain. Pain assessment and measurement involves a dispense of issues that have to be approached with a lot of attention. Pain assessment involves the following steps.... There have been calls in the nursing field to include pain management as a compulsory component of pre-nursing training programs so as to ensure all nurses are fully equipped with necessary skills that will enable them manage their patients painful situations. This, if implemented will result in patients receiving high standards of pain assessment and management. It will also help reduce instances of unnecessary suffering from patients (Hall-Lord & Larsson, 2006) Pain assessment is the first step in pain management and treatment. The main objectives of a successful pain assessment process should be aimed at reducing the pain that the patient is experiencing, increasing the patients comfort, improving the patients physical, physiological and psychological function as well as ensuring the patient is satisfied with the pain management process. It is not easy to measure and asses pain (Hall-Lord & Larsson, 2006). Nurses have to be aware of various factors that can influence how the patient feels and how he or she expresses pain. Pain assessment and measurement involves a lot of issues that have to be approached with a lot of attention. Pain assessment involves the following steps Overall appraisal of all the factors that could influence the patients feeling of pain Comprehensively describing pain and the effect it has on body functions of the patients Determining the barriers that may affect the nurses ability to asses and manage the patients pain, such factors include The nurses lack of adequate knowledge, skills and attitudes that are needed in order to effectively manage pain Poor sustenance of the patients pain, its assessment, management as well as pain re-evaluation The age of the patient,

None Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

none - Assignment ExampleFurther to this, the prompt gives other f exclusivelyacious statements of the reasons why individual and other Ameri potbellys should proclaim guns. For instance, it cites the border threats posed by immigrants from Latin America and other forms of gangs. It argues that the borders have become porous indeed allowing job seekers, al-Qaida agents, as well as other terrorist organizations. Moreover, it asserts that the border has increased insecurity by allowing individual committing criminal activities such as robbery, kidnapping, murder, rape among others (Rick 17). Therefore, the prompt believes that owning a gun is the besides settlement towards the increased insecurity in the US specifically in the southern border.There are umteen fallacies that are emanating from the above prompt. For instance, legion(predicate) US citizens believe that owning a gun can be the only solution to their insecurity. This is not the case because guns do not ensure security , but are for shooting and cleanup spot (Lunger 67). Owning a gun does not ensure the security, but threatens and intimidate those living around and who dont own. In more cases, people have been killed even when they have guns. For instance, law enforcement agents have been killed when in patrol through be ambushed (Goss and Cook 133). This is an indication that owning or possessing a gun does not guarantee the security. There are many ways citizens can protect themselves other than owning a gun.Secondly, the prompt asserts that the porous US borders more so in the south have led to insecurity by allowing immigrants. This is a fallacy not all illegal immigrants are security threats. There are many who have been of help to the US regimen by offering labor in areas where citizens cannot reach (Goss and Cook 133). Some immigrants are in US legally hence should not be viewed as illegal immigrants. Instead, they should be viewed as people who can contribute positively to the US econo my.Lastly, there are a number of cases when the gun owners

Attribution Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Attribution Theory - Essay ExampleFor people to interpret the causes of especial(a) behaviour performed by other individuals, it is necessary for them to observe the behaviour, and attribute foreign or internal causes to it. any(prenominal) outside body or agent that triggers or causes the event is an remote performer while ingredients that atomic number 18 within the control of an individual and are a part of his/her mortalality are the internal factors (Shackleton, 1995).An utilisation of how attribution theory can be applied in our daily lives could be our reaction to, say, having a good social circle. An individual who is a loner and has no friends to talk to will always be set up complaining about how the world is so cruel and unjust. This is attributing an external factor to the event. However, a person who is the life of a party and is acquainted with a lot of people will be found claiming that it is so because of his being so attractive and smart. As obvious, this c ase refers to an internal factor or the factor which is within a person.There are many factors which are related to attribution. The determination of the causes depends on trey things (Kelly, 1967). Distinctiveness, the first one, tells whether the persons actions are distinct and different from other situations. The second is consensus, which tells whether other people be gravel in the same way to the same situation. The third factor is consistency, which finds out whether the individual behaves the same way consistently to the same situation. The theory predicts that whenever there is high distinctiveness, the causes of the behaviour are external and with low distinctiveness, the factors are internal. For consensus, it is an external factor whenever there is a high consensus and an internal factor when the consensus is low. High consistency indicates an internal factor while low consistency depicts an external factor. In fact, when we apply attribution theory, there are dickens types of errors which can result in distorted attributions. One is the fundamental attribution error and the other is self-seeking bias.(1) Fundamental attribution error It occurs when people overestimate the effects of internal factors while underestimating the effects of external factors when judging the behavior of others (Martinko, 1995.) It is when the actions of people are attributed to their traits and personality sort of than the external influence that may have led them to such an action. (2)Self-serving bias This error, also known as attributional bias, refers to the tendency of individuals to claim obligation for successes while attributing failures to other causes or factors (Martinko, 1995.) It is just one way of imaging what is pleasing to us rather than the realistic situation. One factor which can be related to this bias is whether there is a respect or punishment proclaimed for certain behavior (Harvey & Smith, 1977). It is suggestd that when we suceed, we tend to overestimate the internal factors which could be our gift and effort and underestimate the external factor which could be the help of others. Yet, if we were failed, we would overestimate the external factors which could be need of collegues co-operation, and underestimate the internal factors such as our laziness. This indicates that people would explain the same behavior to events other than if it occurred differently (. Systematic bias It is a form of self-serving bias and occurs when people generally tend to conceptualize that they are better at tasks that are

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The choose Rights Act of 1965 - Essay ExampleThe subject area Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed the would - be right to voters in the United States take literacy tests to qualify to register to vote, and it provided for to vote, and it provided for federal adaptation of voters in areas that had less than 50% of eligible minority voters registered. The Act also provided for Department of Justice perplexity to registration, and the Departments approval for any change in voting law in districts that had used as a device to limit voting and in which less than 50% of the population was registered to vote in 1964. It was gestural in 1965, and signed for a 25 year extension by George W. Bush on July, 2006.National Association for the Advancement of Colored people (NAACP) was founded in New York in 1909 for the purpose to improve the sustainment condition of Black Americans at that time. Although their conditions improved enormously, many differences existed in the rights of United St ates citizens because of ethnic origin The NAACP go along to seek a single class of citizenship for every American. W.E.B. Du Bois an American author in 1895 argued that blacks should accept their genial status and work to improve their lives through economic means. The association also secured the elimination of the so- called grandpa clause, a clause in the voting laws of certain Southern States that permitted only those people to vote whose grandfathers had voted. Because the grandfathers of blacks had been slaves so could not vote, this clause effectively denied enfranchisement to blacks. With the help of organized labour and by mixed minority groups, civic, and fraternal organizations, the NAACP went on to lead the efforts that resulted in the enactment of the Civil Rights of 1957 and 1964, the voting Rights Act of 1965, and true(p) Housing Act of 1968. W.E. Bois says in his magazine, to stand for the rights of men, irrespective of colour or race, for the highest ideals of American democracy, and for reasonable only earnest and persistent attempts to gain these rights and realize these ideals.**The Crisis, a magazine founded in 1910 by the American writer and sociologist W.E. Du Bois In 1948 Gerald R. Ford was elected to the US House of Representatives. During his tenure he favored increasing the defence reaction budget, and he usually voted for civil rights legislation. In 1965 he was elected minority leader of the House of Representatives. Among the practices that use up been the objects of electoral reforms are actual or threatened physical violence concealed pressures such as those exercised by some

Physical wellness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physical wellness - Essay ExampleProposed fitness plan Diversify cardio activities if possible through different activities - running on treadmill, swimming, spinning, step aerobics, kick boxing. Increase cardio activity to 40 minutes at least 3 days a week. Intensify by using pitchs - ankles, waist, or specially knowing weight jacket.Goals Maintain weight through cardio and strength training. Proper and regular eating habits lead be instituted. 4 - 5 small meals to each integrity day impart be accustomd to maintain energy. Fruits and vegetables sens be eaten for healthy snacks between meals. Avoidance of high sodium, high carbohydrate, and high fat foods. Consistent water system intake of at least 64 ounces a day for optimum body functioning will be needed. Avoidance of energy drinks and caffeine. Drinks containing electrolytes should be careful consumed, assisting in the body maintaining homeostasis.Proposed plan Alternate upper berth body and trim body work-outs in min imize fatigue of larger bodybuilder groups in each area. For each exercise, a total of 12 -15 reps, and a total of 3 sets of reps should be followed. Work major muscle groups and smaller muscle groups to maximize the workout. Circuits can provide cardio during strength training - this entails moving from one exercise to the next with little to no rest in between. Free weights and exercise bands can be employ for resistance training. Less weight more reps for lean muscle and less reps higher weight for creating heavier muscle mass should be taken into consideration.Exercises to be used To work large muscle groups in spite of appearance the legs, squats and lunges should be used, with or without weight. Arms bar bell bicep curls - allows for heavier weight usage and is easiest in technique shift dumb bell bicep curls, allows for one arm to rest age another arm works use of bands with these exercises - use one foot or both feet to hold the band in place while pulling the band in the same motions used with free weights. Abs standing abdominal work will reduce the strain that is placed on the back while doing crunches in a lying slip - the basic standing tuck position works the abs by having the person tuck their hips while maintaining a straight back. Bending from side to side will work the obliques in concert with the abdominals. Goals Increase muscle tone through gradual weight increments and usage. Increase the amount of weight that can be used during workouts before exhaustion sets in. Use of strength training equipment at Planet Fitness Gym and/or exercise instructional videos for wide variety of exercises. Stress Management Plan Part 3 contemporary stressors Full time college student, living at home with parents, working 3 -4 days a week as a secretary. Inable to sit for long periods of time. Constant stress and high anxiety levels present. Current stress relief activities Use of sports/exercise playing piano.Proposed plan Using time effectively, bot h exercise and peace of mind techniques could be employed. Yoga, pilates, and the newest combination called piyo can be used for stretching, strengthening, as well as for meditative purposes. Receiving a full body massage monthly will help reduce muscle fatigue and lower stress levels by fully relaxing the entire body. A hot bath will besides relax the body and help reduce muscl

The use of Graphic Novels as an Educational Tool Research Paper

The use of Graphic Novels as an Educational Tool - Research Paper ExampleOne school of thought holds that the nineteenth-century Swiss workman Rodolphe Topffer was the first cartoonist in the modern sense. Scott McCloud argues in Understanding Comics that the Bayeux Tapestry, which was probably created in the eleventh century, is an example of back-to-back visual narrative and therefore counts as comics (Wolk 29). However, it seems that the audience remains unaffected by such learned debate over inception of comics as a separate art form rather they are more concerned over deriving the pleasure of reading and involving themselves with the ambiance created through color, expression, and beautifully crafted emotions. preliminary to the Great War II, American comic market was mainly dominated by superheroes. However, the situation started changing gradually since the post-Great War II period, as the Japanese Manga comics first intruded the market. At the initial stage heroes with benignant attribute did non have the capacity to combat the superheroes but it did not take much judgment of conviction that manga heroes emerged as triumphant against American superheroes. Another benefit of these Japanese manga comics was that those were highly appreciated by women and puerile girls section of the society. David Okum observes, Japanese manga developed a strong following after World War II. The themes and stories speculate popular culture and national tastes.There is a wide audience of women, men, boys and that accepts comics and animation as just some other medium of storytelling. Manga is produced for every possible group and interest (Okum 8). No matter how much it is discussed about ample audience patronage in favor of the graphic novels or manga, but the enormity of such popularity does not become clear unless we come across proper statistical data of the existing market crack of the manga comic.

Gear and Equipment Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Gear and Equipment Responsibility EssayMy appurtenance and equipment is my witness in-person responsibility. My gear was issued to me with the intent of me to nutrition track of my gear and to make certain(a) my gear is ready and accessible when need be. It is my own privateisedised responsibility to make sure that at all times my gear is stored or secured in a safe place to make sure that nothing is either damaged, lost or taken. It is my own personal responsibility to ensure that if anything were to happen to my gear that it should be reported immediately, such as damaged or malfunctioning gear or lost gear. If my gear is broken or malfunctioning it is my own personal responsibility to see to it that if I cannot personally fix my gear that through the chain of command mortal is notified until a solution to the problem is found and the problem itself is fixed. If my gear is to ever be lost or stolen it is again my own personal responsibility to go through the chain of command notifying those appointed everywhere me of my lost or stolen and gear.To lose my gear or have it stolen is something that should never happen though. Every shipboard soldier is responsible for his or her own gear and irresponsibly losing the gear that is issued to each individual Marine shows a lack of responsibility. If a Marines gear is stolen it shows poor judgment on the Marine that believed he or she could supply his or her gear laying out and lack of integrity on the part of the Marine that stole the other Marines gear. A Marine should show better judgment in where he or she stows his or her gear. A Marine is issued his or her own individual gear with the intent of it being his or her own personal gear but to leave his or her own gear lying about, wherever he or she so pleases is not in any way, shape or form showing well-grounded judgment but lack of responsibility issued to that Marine.Every Marine is responsible for his or her own personal gear and is a reflecti on of what to possibly expect from the irresponsible Marine. A Marine should always be aware of his or her own personal gear at all times and make sure that his or her own personal gear is properly stowed or secured in secure location to hamper such instances of larceny or misplacing his or her own gear. Alternatively, each and every Marine should know that if he or she is not able to stow his or her gear in a safe or secure location than to entrust another Marine to watch over his or her gear until a place to secure his or her own gear is found to ensure that the Marines gear is safe from theft and no excuse for misplacing his or her own gear would be an acceptable answer when questioned as to how the Marines gear went missing or was stolen.

Lost and Sex and The City Essay Example for Free

muddled and energise and The urban center EssayThey be referring to the kinds of programmes that are perceived as more expensively produced and, especially more ethnically worthwhile, due to their surmount matter or content. In the narration of superior television, it presents a daunting set of challenges. There is no central register of quality programming quality style is defined by depth and caring of its percentages and the use of self reflexivity and the nonion that the writers and viewing audience enjoyed an unusual degree of freedom. The term as well associates mostly on the issue of gender representation. In this essay I will discuss television shows, muzzy and Sex and The city and how they have both proved great quality television through with(predicate) their victor and interesting plot lines. (Jancovich, Mark, Lyons, James, fictitious character Popular Television, 2003) The complex characters, settings and dilemmas are what make good quality televisio n. This brings me to Lost. Lost is an American television drama that follows the survivors of a plane crash that end up on a inscrutable island. Each instalment typically features what happens on the island as well as a secondary storyline of the characters lives.Most of the characters in Lost are driven to reconcile a patriarchal crisis diddlyshit mustiness resolve an Oedipal conflict with his alcoholic father, John Locke must redeem his masculinity and after being manipulated by his father and rebuild his disabled body and Kate and Sawyer are repetitively haunted by their fathers and wholeness-sided pasts. The whole island is an experimental site, emphasizing the constant distress of mystery that the island holds and the unknowing. in spite of appearance this, each issue continues a story ab go forth each character, most encountering their violent fathers and how this will shape the collective islands culture.In one particular episode, The 23rd Psalm, flash fouls consist b etween Nigeria, the present day and a Nigerian beechcraft aeroplane that crashed on the island. Mr Eko becomes aware that drug addict Charlie has possession of a heroin filled Virgin bloody shame statue that he realizes has a connection to his own past. afterward discovering the plane on the island, Eko finds his brothers corpse along with it. The episode has an overall theme of redemption of Mr Ekos religious leanings that have created a major turn in his life.This also challenges our assumptions about coincidence and fate and how the overall series depicts spirituality and realism through the characters pasts. (www. uk. tv. ign. com/artcicles/ one hundred one/1011812p1. html) The director, JJ Abrams, creates wet character development and long term plotting which is why the Lost series re of imported so strong and captivating for audiences. The fact that bulk were being forced to live together and survive, made it interesting to gather in because relationships were created ver y fast and viewers wanted to see love, fights and dramas as well as action and transmundane happenings on the island.In the first pilot episode of Lost, the first scene shows an eye close-up and character Jack Shephard as he awakens in a jungle and notices a yellow Labrador retriever darting through the forest. He indeed runs through the jungle to a beach where he is faced with the disaster of the plane crash and people fighting for survival. note TV dramas are what make audiences want to keep watching and Lost is a great example of this because in the very first scene, viewers are already given that judgment blowing experience and the drive to keep watching.The characters are also faced with the unraveling of the islands mystery and the motives of the unknown Others who may also inhabit the island. The series tracks two major, interconnected themes first, the struggles to survive and live together on the island and second, the lives of the fourteen of import characters before the crash which is retold through flashbacks. It doesnt follow the stereotypical television back story and allows viewers to become connected with the characters, their secrets and motivations.Jack is a doctor becomes the leader of the group helping Charlie kicks his drug dependence and encourages Shannon to pursue her relationship with Syid. Jack is seen at the very beginning of the series and in the last episode in the last scene where it re creates the first scene again only in a different context. The way Lost starts off, during with all the inconceivable and unthinkable story lines, makes it so mesmerizing for audiences. After six seasons of plot twists, there was a completely thrilling but not entirely perspicuous finale.Audiences across the world became worried about what Lost would end like and how everything could be explained because of its constant complexity. Lost is full of mind puzzling and gripping drama that has become a huge success through its mind blowing perfor mances. (www. tv. com/shows/lost) Another American quality TV show is Sex and The City. Broadcast from 1998 until 2004, the comedy-drama series follows the lives of a group of four women three in their mid thirties and one in her forties and passim their different natures and constant changing sex lives, they remain great friends with high confidence.Sex and The City becomes quality television through the continual of its quirky storylines and modern social issues that explore the differences between friendships, relationships and revolves around femininity. The main character Carrie Bradshaw is the narrator of each episode which is structured through her train of thoughts. throughout the entire series, Carrie is involved with her on and off relationship with Mr Big and whose name eventually is revealed to be John Preston.Each character has their own individual unique personalities which female audiences can relate to and connect with. Sex and The City has turn out to be one of the most successful and controversial television programmes of the last decade. In transforms the idea of the needlelike widow into the life of the single urban female and emphasizes an upper class life. It also presents sophistication and yet, often of the generic and stylistic conventions, are by no means new to this specific show. (LeMay, Matt, Sex and the City and the Discourse of Quality Television 2)Once upon a time on a small island not too far away, there lived four smart, beautiful women who were all very good friends. (LeMay, Matt, Sex and the City and the Discourse of Quality Television 2) This quote already establishes the genre of the show and the kind of characters the audience may expect to see. Much of the criticism both positive and negative, show degrees of realism which suggests how they are entwined in the history of industry and market standards of quality television and determines gender and class.Many other dramas can be traced back to earlier realist family sitcoms and still remain relevant to contemporary quality television such as Sex and The City. There is a particular emphasis on self reflectivity and the programs representations and intersexuality. Through Sex and the City, the relation to feminism and sexual taboos positions itself in the history of television. Intersexuality occurs through the importance and real-life impact of the cultural phenomenon called Sex and the City. (Akass, Kim, McCabe, Janet, Reading sex and the city.London I. B. Tauris, 2004) In conclusion, the serve to clearly set out the intended debate and issue of Quality TV, is the way in which critics and audiences currently define it and supplying a broad overview of the critical contentiousness of quality TV as a collective term. Quality Television is about captivating storylines, unique characters and enabling viewers to want to watch excellent programming. Within this, audiences are able to connect with the show through the interesting structures that are included in them.BibliographyBooksJancovich, Mark, Lyons, James, Quality Popular Television, 2003)McCabe, Janet, Akass, Kim, Contemporary American Television and Beyond, 2007)Akass, Kim, McCabe, Janet, Reading sex and the city. London I.B. Tauris, 2004

A Guide to Internet Privacy Laws and Ethics Essay Example for Free

A Guide to net solitude Laws and Ethics EssayWith instruction systems, seclusion deals with the collection and use or misuse of info More and much information on all of us is being collected, stored, used, and divided among organizations Who owns this information and knowledge?privateness is a status wherein an individual can work on his/her information in seclusion, topicing in a selective revelation of ones identity and information. Privacy can mean namelessness in case a person wants to remain unidentified. Privacy can also be link up to the security aspect of an individual or information. The definitions of privacy can differ across individuals and cultures. The invasion of privacy can be avoided by the issue of privacy laws. meshwork Privacy and EthicsUsing the net profit often comprises the use of social networking sites, email facilities and the browse of various other websites. Internet privacy comes on the scene when it comes to website users giving out their personal details on the Internet. For authentic websites, which facilitate online shopping, the users are make to input their credit card numbers. In case of emailing sites, there are issues about whether third parties should be allowed to store or read emails without informed con displace. Whether or not, the third parties should be permitted to track the visitors on a website, is another major privacy concern. The other important Internet privacy issue is whether the sites that gather personally identifiable information from the users should store or share it.Internet privacy can be considered as a subset of computing device privacy. computer privacy consists of the data privacy relating to the avoidance of the improper disclosure of the personally identifiable information collected and stored by websites. The effective sharing of data while protecting the one-on-one information is the real challenge.Privacy and the Internet* Huge potential for privacy invasion on the Inter net* E-mail messages* Visiting a Web site* Buying products over the Internet* Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) screening technology* Childrens Online Privacy Protection impress (COPPA), 1998 requires privacy policies and parental consend* electric potential dangers on social networking Web sitesE-Mail Privacy* Federal law permits employers to monitor e-mail sent and received by employees * E-mail messages that have been erased from hard disks can be retrieved and used in lawsuits * engage of e-mail among public officials might violate open meeting lawsComputer co-ordinated is a dope surveillance technique involving the comparison of data about many people, which has been acquired from multiple sources. Its use offers potential benefits, peculiarly financial savings. It is also error-prone, and its power results in threats to established patterns and values. The imperatives of efficiency and equity demand that computer co-ordinated be used, and the information privacy inte rest demands that it be used only where justified, and be subjected to effective controls Computer equateing is the comparison of machine-readable records containing personal data relating to many people, in order to detect cases of interest. The technique is called computer matching in the United States, and data matching in Australia and Canada. Although the latter term is perhaps more usefully descriptive, the United States term is more common in the literature, and is used in this paper.The Computer Matching and Privacy Protection ActThe Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (5 U.S.C. 552a(o) et seq.) amended the Privacy Act by describing the manner in which computer matching involving Federal agencies could be performed and by adding certain protections for individuals applying for and receiving Federal benefits. As amended by the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act, the Privacy Act requires Federal agencies involved in computer matching programs to Neg otiate written agreements with the other agency or agencies participating in the matching programs Obtain the relevant Data Integrity Boards approval of the match agreements furnish detailed reports about matching programs to Congress and OMB Notify applicants and beneficiaries that their records are subject to matching and Verify match findings before reducing, suspending, terminating, or denying an individuals benefits or payments. Though the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act surely involves detailed procedures, including obscure Data Integrity Boards, it is probably most notable for the fact that it institutionalizes sharing of data among federal government agencies. Information collected for one purpose may be used for polar purposes by a different federal agency. Though integrity and fairness seem assured by the Act, privacy is not.Flaming also known as bashing, is hostile and insulting interaction between Internet users, often involving the use of profanity. Flami ng usually occurs in the social context of an Internet forum, Internet relay Chat (IRC), Usenet, by e-mail, game servers such as Xbox Live or PlayStation Network, and on video-sharing websites. It is frequently the result of the discussion of heated real-world issues such as politics, religion, and philosophy, or of issues that polarise subpopulations, but can also be provoked by seemingly trivial differencesSpam is most often considered to be electronic dispose mail or junk newsgroup postings. Some people define spam even more by and large as any unsolicited email. However, if a long-lost brother finds your email address and sends you a message, this could hardly be called spam, even though it is unsolicited. Real spam is generally email advertising for some product sent to a mailing list or newsgroup.

Gravimetric Analysis Essay Example for Free

Gravimetric Analysis EssayThe purpose of experiment 1, also named Gravimetric Analysis, is to study the custom of analytical chemistry. Analytical chemistry is a branch of chemistry that involves determining what matter is and how much of it exists. It is the light of separating, identifying, and determining the components that make up a compound and determining a specific metre of that compound. there are two types of analytical chemistry qualitative and quantitative. This experiment uses quantitative analysis to determine the amount of a substance, or some(prenominal) species, and measure it in numerical terms. More specifically, this experiment uses gravimetric analysis, a form of quantitative analysis that uses an analytical balance, an instrument that yields accurate and precise data, to measure the masses of several substances. Experiment 1 involves the hurry of a complex compound called aluminum 8-hydroxyquinilinate, also called Alq3. In order for this precipitation to occur, an organic precipitating agent, 8-hydroxyquinilinate (abbreviated OxH) is used to reply with aluminum ions to form this complex compound.For this pition to live with place, OxH must be deprotonated, so that its anion, Ox-, forget bond with the aluminum ions (the OxH molecule itself will not react with aluminum ions). As a result, the pH of the beginning has a major effect on the precipitation in this experiment. If the pH is too low and there is an excess of hydrogen ions, then by Le Chateliers principle, the equilibrium will shift to the left, creating more OxH molecules.Ox- will no longer be for sale and a precipitation will not occur. If the pH is too high and there is an excess of hydrated oxide ions, the aluminum ions will react with the hydroxide ions. There will be no aluminum to react in the precipitation. If the pH is neutral, OxH is not very soluble and may cause it to light out itself. So in order for this precipitation in this experiment to take place, it is vital that a buffer solution of ammonium acetate is used to control the pH of the solution.Also, the less aluminum ions in the solution, the more it will precipitate. In order to do this, an excess of OxH is added to shift the reaction towards the precipitate form. However, OxH has a limited solubility in water, so too much of an excess cannot be added. In order for the precipitate to hold out best in this experiment, we would have to allow it to digest. This lets use filter the precipitate completely. We do this by drying the precipitate in an oven and letting it age overnight.This promotes the formation of fewer, larger, and more pure particles of the precipitate. In the end, we are trying to key the concentration of aluminum in the solution (millimole of aluminum per mililiter of solution). We do this by converting the mass of the precipitate into moles and employ mole-to-mole ratio and stoichiometry we find the moles of aluminum ions. We then divide this by the volume of the solution to find the molarity, or concentration, of the aluminum ions.

United Kingdom’s Economic Low Unemployment Advantage Essay Example for Free

United Kingdoms stinting Low Unemployment Advantage EssayIn 2002, according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), UKs alike(p) unemployment rate is 5. 1. For France the standardized unemployment rate is 8. 9, for Spain is 11. 5 while for Italy is 9. 0. Let us examine first wherefore UK had this upset unemployment rate comp ard to the France, Spain and Italy. First UK is very attractive to foreign investors compared to France, Italy and Spain. This is partly be make up UK has a proven sink in record of economic stability strengthened by its government economic policies. UK has one of the closely unchanging exchange rates which equates to stability for investors. Increase in foreign investors also means an increase in employment, resulting in lower unemployment rate. If UK had not been attractive to investors, there would have been no rise in existent GDP in UK brought about by new business and expansions in 2002. An separate determinant comp ute of the low unemployment rate is the crowd environment in UK. UK is home of highly skilled and dynamic parturiency force. Its pool of workforce comes from top universities and trained by RD centimeers (Research and Development).This workforce together with UKs less constricting laws for labour generates high aim of employment. In terms of innovation UK is far advance compared to France, Spain and Italy. Although UK has only 1 per cent of the humanss population but conducts 5. 5 per cent of global research (OIPA, 2005). Innovation promotes more than investment and thus lowers unemployment. another(prenominal) factor that makes UKs unemployment rate low is its being a drawing card in world trade. UK is second in the world in terms of exports and third in the world in terms of imports.The magnitude of trade is an indication that there is a corresponding high level of workforce behind this trade. There are also a considerable proportion of worlds leading companies who reside in UK. These companies provide stability and maintain the employment force in UK. If assuming that UK was not a leader in exports and imports, the economic indicators showing UK as having roughly 50% exports to other European countries would have shown otherwise. Another most significant ratifier that makes UKs unemployment rate low is its low revenue revenueation compared to other European countries.The bodied value, which is at 30%, is relatively low compared to other tell European countries. The Value Added Tax (VAT) in UK is also lower than most European countries. Lower corporeal tax and lower VAT induces more investment and thus decreases unemployment rate. Let say for example we are a caller-out from another country like Japan and we wanted to have some front man in Europe. Logically, if we have France, Spain, Italy and UK as alternatives we would definitely put up our business site in UK because we provide be paying lesser taxes. Lesser taxes in our investments mean more income for the company. rase if looking at this corporal tax rate from a percent perspective, the difference seem petty(a) like 3% or 2%, but if we are talking about millions of dollars 2% is already a immense amount. Thus a slight advantage in incorporate tax means a pass out in attracting investors. France, Spain and Italys high(prenominal)(prenominal) Unemployment Economic Advantage Most European countries suffer some levels of growing unemployment due to the pressures of lower labor cost in the world market like China. Chinas growing threat of low cost manufacturing expands not just in employment but to the all in all economic state of European Companies.France has been in a state of falling down GDP since 2000 and in 2002, France unemployment rate reach 8. 9%. Although France has easy access to UK, the France has a higher corporate tax compared to UK. France stiff corporate tax rate is 34. 33% ( exporting Entreprises SA, 2005). This is 4. 33% higher than UKs 30% m aximum corporate tax. This higher tax rate is a major contributor why France has higher unemployment rate compared to UK. Higher tax rate deters investment and therefore lowers employment. Spain suffers the same groom of growing unemployment just like France because of its higher corporate tax and rigid employment scheme.The corporate tax of Spain is 35% (Export Entreprises SA, 2005). It is even higher than France. Even if Spain offers lower corporate tax of 30% to companies whose turnover does not exceed 6 million EUR, the boilersuit average is still somewhere in 35%. The regulatory framework of employment in Spain is not so flexible leading to high dismissal cost and low part time employment. The boilers suit result of higher corporate tax and less flexible employment leads to higher unemployment compared to UK. Italy is affected the most by Chinas threat of low cost manufacturing.This is because Italy has a large number of manufacturing enterprises that belongs to the small to medium sized. Small to medium sized manufacturing enterprises fall under those than finds low cost alternative in China. Similarly the corporate tax in Italy is 33% (Export Entreprises SA, 2005), 3% higher than UK. Again this explains why Italy has higher unemployment rate than UK. To what extent might the pursuit of full employment conflict with other economic objectives. sounding at the previous explanation of why UKs unemployment is much lower than France, Spain and Italy, the most significant contributor is the taxation.This is because low corporate tax can give economic advantage over its rivals. As corporate tax decreases, investment sp send awaying increases and employment rises. In reality this is not always true because as corporate tax decreases, the government collection also decreases. If we keep on pushing by move corporate and individual tax rate, it will also have some negative tacks. A muckle of economist cautioned that lowering corporate tax will result to short term economic appendage unless backed up by extensive government economic infrastructures.KPMG concludes that indirect taxes appear to be contend an increasingly important role in the revenue-gathering strategies of many countries around the world (KPMG, 2007). Lowering corporate tax may reach to a point that the overall collection is not enough to sustain the expenses inevitable to maintain government maintained organizations and infrastructures needed for economic stability. The stress cause by such condition may swing the economy to a condition where the overall economic structure will cause impediments to investment. An example is that if it increases law-breaking rate due to the poor hostage given by the government.High crime rates can deter investors and bring down employment. Another possible case is poor roadstead and transportation. This could greatly affect the decision of investors. Therefore a balance must be achieved. When the lowest borderline corporate tax is a chieved it must be offset by some other means in it needs to be lowered further to compete in the world market. One possible strategy is increasing VAT when lowering corporate tax. VAT increase has major benefits over corporate tax because VAT is incessant flow of cash as oppose to lump sum corporate tax.Another similar approach to offset a reduction in corporate tax which has the same effect as VAT is increasing Goods and Services Tax (GST). Again GST has the advantage of bringing a continuous cash flow as oppose to lump sum corporate tax. On the other hand, the sight shows that corporate tax rates are continuing to fall worldwide, but there are signs that this make out is slowing (KPMG, 2007). This year it is 26. 8 from 27. 2% last year which indicates that the average rates have rock-bottom compared to the major reductions in 1997 to 2007. So far UK still has some capability to lower its corporate tax to compete with other country.The more relaxed labor regulations in UK, al though helpful in keeping more sight get employed, may also have some limits. This may also lead to inefficient employees that would shoot down a toll on companys revenue. This could lead a company to loose involvement in investing their money. If we take for example if we make employee regulations very relaxed like for example by not having to require that employee need to have a specific security measures in applying for a job, the employee might end up to be a member of an underground organization. An organization that may have some security threats to the company.If a security breach would occur like a patent design being stolen, the company will loose millions and end up withdrawing their investment. In the end everything is just a matter of balance, where the residue between a relax labor regulation and the negative effects that it might bring.ReferencesOIPA (2008). Invest in UK. Retrieved from the Overseas Investment Promotion Agency website http//www. investoverseas. org /United_Kingdom/Invest_UK/uk_economy. htm, on February 8, 2008 Export Entreprises SA (2005). France TAXES ACCOUNTING. Retrieved from the Export Enterprises website http//country.alibaba. com/profiles/FR/France/taxes_accounting. htm, on February 8, 2008 Export Entreprises SA (2005). Spain TAXES ACCOUNTING. Retrieved from the Export Enterprises website http//country. alibaba. com/profiles/ES/Spain/taxes_accounting. htm, on February 8, 2008 Export Entreprises SA (2005). Italy TAXES ACCOUNTING. Retrieved from the Export Enterprises website http//country. alibaba. com/profiles/IT/Italy/taxes_accounting. htm, on February 8, 2008 KPMG (2007). Indirect Taxes The price for low corporate tax. Retrieved from the Winterman-am. blogspot website http//winterman-

Creating a story Essay Example for Free

Creating a story EssayThis is a story about William, a seventeen year old son of sir James once a powerful feudal aristocrat in England. Sir James used to own a large administer of land in the Wales, but times urinate changed. As m one and only(a)y started to be used, sir James doomed parts of his land because he could not afford to keep it. On top of that, some of his peasants have left and became mercenaries who were hired by sir Jamess neighbor. These days, around year 1200, sir James is still among the a couple of(prenominal) noble English families left, noble but yet not conking to tycoons. It is William that sir James counts on to rifle up the social ladder. William is not a true son of sir James, the boy was born to sir Jamess brother, sir Henry. 10 years ago sir Henry died and his brother, sir James, exercised the right of wardship he started taking care of William and of those lands that used to belong to his fuss. William started living with his uncle when he w as seven years old. As soon as he moved in to sir Jamess castle, William became a student of many studies he was being prepared for a cost life.William is trained to become a good hunter, but also to be able to charm a court maam he has teachers who teach him to sing songs, tell stories, flirt, dance, he has a special teacher who teaches him the rules of different ceremonies in court, the terminology to use, how to behave, how to dress. All of these activities are taking place in the castle of sir James, which is uncomplete sm solely nor large. A stone castle is surrounded by several wooden homes of sir Jamess peasants who are busy with manufacturing of flax, wool, growing of geese and pigs for the inhabitants of the castle.The whole territory is surrounded by a stone wall. Williams day begins early in the morning. A servant brings him a basin with water to wash. When he is ready, William goes on to morning hunting exercise, which takes place until breakfast. At breakfast Willi am usually meets sir James, they discuss Williams morning confide and talk about the upcoming tournament. After that, William has music and dancing lessons followed by yet another practice.During his disengage hours William either sleeps or goes for a walk into the country where he spends hours dreaming about his romantic sock for lady bloody shame, whom he met at the last tournament. After dinner, William spends hours with his teacher of court manners and another one with whom William reads and writes poems. In other words, William spends his days doing and learning everything that chivalry behavior requires. Once done will all classes, William puts on his armor and goes horse riding into the woods.Supper is usually late in the evening with lots of nerve centre and wine. These days William is busy more than usual with horse-riding and weapon usage practices due to the coming tournament. Being of a noble family William is allowed to participate in knight tournaments where he hop es to attract attention of lovely lady Mary, on whose patronage is also counting sir James. Lady Mary is a heiress of a wealthy magnate and her hand would provide William and sir James a higher status and allow them to enter a shrink circle of English aristocracy.The previous tournament was a good one for William he conquered his opponent loving his horse and armor, and on the other hand, at the banquet following the tournament, he was able to speak with lady Mary and got an impression that he has actually charmed her and now she is party favouring him. Patronage of lady Mary, whos father is not only very wealthy but also in a good relationship with the monarch himself, would definitely secure William a place among nobility. The only person who disapproves of Williams lifestyle is his step-father a priest in the local church, father John.Father John finds that Williams attraction to lady Mary and court life in general diverts him away from God. However, William is convinced tha t his chivalry lifestyle is the highest expression of economic conduct, and is the best path to choose if one has already made a choice in favor of secular and spiritual life path. Thus, William spends his life in accordance with the requirements of his time when feudal aristocracy was in the past giving a place to nobility class which claimed to have a special, highest social be and privileges given to them by their right of birth.

DBQ Essay Essay Example for Free

DBQ Essay EssayThroughout history, switch has influenced civilizations by expanding religions, short-circuiting new products or ideas, and through transmission of diseases. As civilizations began barter more with other civilizations, backup networks were setup. Traders needed a safe route to get to cities in order to bar garner. With vocation networks such as the silk roads, traders had a way to get from Europe to China to trade goods. With more and more people trading because of trade networks, there were both intentional and unintentional effects of trade. The gap of religion was heavily influenced by trade. Documents 2, and the both support this. The text files show that as people met in city markets, traders did not only trade inventions and products with another. Religious practices, cultures, and traditions were alike spread. Document 2 shows that because of trade, religions such as Islam spread from Africa to as far as China in the east. Other religions such as Ch ristianity and Buddhism were also spread. In Document 3, it shows that traders who came to the Swahili Coast to trade stayed there for a couple of months before returning home. Because of this, the traders would share their cultures, languages and religions with the native people who lived there. Over time, trade had a lasting effect on the Swahili Coast. The Swahili language today has some Arabic and Indian linguistic communication in the language. Most people who are Swahili today also practice Islam as their religion. This would on the whole never have been possible if it werent for the trade networks of the Swahili Coast or the Silk Roads.Aside from the spread of religion, trade also helped new ideas and products spread throughout the world. Documents 1,4,5 and 6 all show that throughout the world, galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) different products and ideas were spread because of trade. Document 1 shows Mediterranean trade being first controlled by Phoenicians and G reeks. The map in the document shows major products such as tin being traded between Greek and Phoenician colonies. Document 4 is aquote, it is implied that this Is coming from some bingle living in Europe during the Commercial Revolution. The person states that as victuals supplies increased in Europe, trade also began to increase. More goods were being created and traded all over Europe including, cloth, food, and leather. Towns would take on fairs e very(prenominal) year for the trading of these goods. As trade increased, methods of getting cash and loans were developed. Banks were established by Christians and this all became the Commercial Revolution. Documents 5 and 6 further show how trade brought products from different civilizations all around the world. The Columbian Exchange in Document 6 shows how products from the Old World were brought to the New World. Some examples of these products include horses, bananas, scandalous eye peas and beef. Document 5 shows how Marco Polo brought new ideas from China back home to Europe such as how to use coal for heat.While trade helped spread new ideas and products throughout the world, so did deadly diseases. Documents 6 and 7 both show how trade spread disease from one civilization to another. With the Columbian central in Document 6, deadly illnesses spread from the Old World to the New World. Disease killed off many indigenous people in the new world and would also enable conquerors from countries such as Spain to gain the upper hand in colonizing and conquering indigenous populations. Document 7 is a political cartoon. It is from the shoot of view of someone who is against globalization. The cartoon shows an army conquering an indigenous tribe. The members of the tribe all look very fearful and seem to have been forced out of their homes. The army who is conquering all has symbolism representing American culture and ideas. Although this document is biased towards the U.S, it does show the negative effect s that trade can have on an indigenous population.These documents all show that trade had many lasting intentional and unintentional consequences on the many civilizations of the world. These include the expansion of religion, the spread of new ideas and products, as well as the transmission of deadly diseases. A document that would have been helpful in further analyzing the unintentional effects of trade would be one from the perspective of the civilization conquering the indigenous people. Overall however, these documents still show that because of trade, newideas, cultures and traditions have been spread throughout the world.

The Relic Short Story Essay Example for Free

The Relic Short Story Essay shine here child the rare public said to me. It was getting late and I had to go home, precisely there was something in his voice that beck whizzd me to take notice. I stopped in my tracks. There in the lay of the empty sidewalk where I was walking a broad. Come.. come I have something important for you to image. The old musical composition had messy long hair that have all turned gray and he wore clothes that seemed interchangeable rags. His face was wrinkled and dirty but his eyes glimmered of a certain y extincth that seemed so out of place. I walked towards him, without clear idea of why I was doing so. I was about to ask him what he cherished when he answered my question for me. It seemed like he knew what I was thinking. This added both to my wonder and terror of what I was experiencing. I have something for you.. the old man began, It is a relic of sorts and it tells of a great story that happened a long time ago He reached behind him a nd produced a confine, thick with dust and visibly out of shape. From my set of view, it seemed to be hardbound, but at that time I could not make out the title. He stretched his evanesce with the book clasped between his fingers. I tried to reach it but when as my hand was closing upon it, the old man suddenly pulled the book back. This book has a irritating, terrible secret he gasped, It has been passed on from one owner to the next and on every owner, the book imparts its terrible secret when youve read till the end. W-whats at the end? I managed to ask. Whats at the end?? the old man chuckled, I could see that his teeth were rotting and the putrid smell of his breath reached my nostrils, Child, you must find that out for yourself, but I warn you you must never, NEVER skip the pages. You have to read the entire book page after page. Learn its contents thoroughly before you arrive at the end. Y-yes I underst-and. I stuttered again, probably callable to all the confusion that the experience created. How much do you have on you? the old man suddenly asked. What? I answered with my own startled question. How much do you have on you, child? the old man raised his voice and I cringed at its sound, Do you think that this book is free? Hah W-well, how much is it? I asked. Just answer my question came the old mans response. I surveyed my pockets and was surprised to see a hundred dollar bill. Then I remembered that the money was my salary for 4 weeks of doing odd jobs for our neighbors. I approximation for a while and then reluctantly handed him my money. The old man snatched it from my hand and then pushed the book to my face. Take it he ordered, Take it and begone And so I took the book and went home bewildered at what had happened. The long time followed and I began reading what I have acquired. The story within it was interesting to say the least and I was eager to find out its ending. However, I was mindful about the old mans sample and so I did not ski p to the blend in page. I read the book whenever I had the feel and after roughly a week, I was almost at its end. When the time came for me to turn the last page, I prepared myself well and made sure that I could handle whatever it was. I turned the last page, hoping that the book would be merciful, a hope that was shattered to a million pieces by what I saw. It was terrible terrible.Joeys 2nd hand bookshop sale price $5 Noooooo..The end.

Unilab Vitastat Essay Example for Free

Unilab Vitastat EssayAlso, On top of the usual sampling and detailing conducted by the gross sales team, product symposia( much(prenominal) as speaking on the merits of Vidastat to a large group of doctors) were held simultaneously in all big hospitals to communicate the low price of the product to target doctors. Roundtable discussions were conducted and promotional materials such as product brochures and Rx pads were given to doctors, which resulted in increased prescriptions of Vidastat E. Management Capabilities They have a dedicated forethought wherein they have this mind-set to be on top of the game. They have already come up with affordable products that made them expand their market. F. Core Competencies Product they have released equal quality products to Zocor that made Unilab competitive, these products were priced take down than Zocor which gave the patients an advantage, and this would help their patients adhere to their medication regimen. G. External forces Technology- Technology is very vital in manufacturing. Since the accompany shoots to claim the quality of the products they need to be efficient in the operation.Socio-Cultural aspect made Unilab successful, with its Bayanihan (a Filipino term which refers to people working together to achieve a partifuclar goal) they have lived and survived by that doctrine II. Problem Statement Due to the continuing economic conditions where things are expensive and no more mode for price penetration, its viable concern is sustaining its financial needs in the long run. Also, the bases of their prices are its competitors. Also, the products that Unilab offers are of the aforementioned(prenominal) products that back tooth be offered by the competitors.Evidence of the problem * Vidastats price was set 50 percent lower to penetrate and grab markets share form Zocor. * Simvastatin when taken can reduce cholesterol level the competitors has fish oil which are natural anti-cholesterol agent III OBJECTIVES * To be able to sustain its financial needs * To be able to give the doctors enough satisfaction for them non to shift and patronize the competitors product * To be able to create innovative products.To be able to sustain the companys market by product offerings III. Alternative Courses of Action . Market penetration a) Intensify research and maturation of technology to be able to generate ideas that would make Unilab a brand of variation b) Improve the companys reputation by increasing its quality but still having the similar price c) To strengthen its promotional efforts in their chosen market and make information more accessible through more symposiums and sponsorships during popular conventions in the field of medicine d) Give freebies or discounts to those doctors who patronizes the product e) affix production to decrease cost . Market Development.Develop a product that caters an individuals need b) Create a product that would create technological advances ( s oon let there be a cure for those diseases that presently cannot be cured ) 4. Related Diversification Strategy a) Come up with an all-embracing boundary of products that is still related to medicine such as skin whitening and height hydrofoilV. Recommendations Based on the gathered facts, I would strongly recommend Market Penetration this is for them to keep and maintain or even widen their potential markets. Product Development should be implemented constantly to modify the company to attain competitive advantage and improve the line every so often. The Extended line is applicable to those patrons, the lien will satisfy their needs and wants.

Las Meninas Essay Example for Free

Las Meninas EssayThe aim of this paper is to analyze Diego Velazquezs word- photograph Las Meninas, one of the most impressive and controversial art pieces in history. The content and the message of the characterization Las Meninas provides much food for thought. On the picture we dismiss guess the artist himself as he whole caboodle at a canvas, scarce we cant see what exactly he is painting he is not alone in the studio. A group of seven is situated in the front crash of the studio. Infanta Margarita is in the centre of the group.Infanta is accompanied by two maids of honour one is serving her a accented drink. We also see Margaritas playmates a male and female dwarfs one of them is teasing a sleepyheaded dog. Two grave adults stand slightly farther than Infanta. The interior of the studio is also rendered with great wariness and mastery. Velazquez is an unsurpassed master in light and shadow and delicate harmony of colours. There exists a sort of possible interpre tations of this brilliant picture.The enigma of Las Meninas is connected with the following question what painting is Velazquez working at? single of the possible interpretations suggests that the royal couple sits for the portrait, because we see them in the mirror on the opposite wall. But much(prenominal) an explanation contradicts some important facts. From history, King Philip IV and her second wife Marianna do not leave any portrait where they would be portrayed together done by Velazquez. Therefore we may take up the hypothesis that Infanta Margarita herself sits for the painting.Velazquez caught the moment when the King and the Queen were entering the room as the mirror restores visibility to that which resides away our view. Some mortalages have already noticed them Infanta Margarita, the maid of honour standing to the right from Infanta and also the mountain lion who interrupted his work to greet the royal couple. The symbolism of the painting is complex. The figur es on the painting form a circle which is traditionally considered a symbol of the devotion and service.Scholars believe that a horoscope is concealed in Las Meninas (Vasilakis, 1997). cut philosopher and historian Michel Foucault, one of the most influential public figures of the 20th century in European and American intellectual circles, has always been fascinated by the painting. His interest in Velazquezs Las Meninas is associated with the paintings intentness with exploring two philosophical innovations Foucault explored extensively in his works, namely the concept of the regard and the concept of representation.The fact that the jaguar (a self-portrait of Velazquez) is looking at something that is supposed to be invisible to the spectator invites those regarding the painting to apprehend themselves. Thus, spectators atomic number 18 confident(p) an active rather than passive role in observing the painting We are observing ourselves creation observed by the painter, and made visible to his eyes by the same light that enables us to see him. And just as we are about to apprehend ourselves, transcribed by his hand as though in a mirror, we find that we can in fact apprehend nothing of that mirror but its lustreless back.Foucaults exploration of the process of observation is based on the interactionist approach to knowledge creation. As OFarrell (2008) informs, Foucault uses the word gaze to refer to the fact that it is not just the object of knowledge which is constructed but also the knower. The painting represents spectacle-as-observation, given that the painter and other figures look at the painters models that should remain invisible to the spectator. until now the spectator can see the painters models, King Philip IV and his wife, in the mirror that is put at the wall in the back the room.While spectators can see the figures in the mirror, the painter himself or anyone of his posse are not looking at the mirror, so it remain invisible for the m. Foucault (1994) notes that there are, it is true, some heads morose away from us in profile but not one of them is turned far nice to see, at the back of the room, that solitary mirror, that tiny glowing rectangle which is nothing other than visibility, yet without any gaze able to grasp it, to render it actual, and to enjoy the suddenly ripe fruit of the spectacle it offers. This phrase calls into the question the foundations of solipsism whether objects in truth exist if not regarded, observed, gazed at by a living being. Foucaults statement that the mirror is not rendered actual by anyone looking at it suggests that the painting implicitly probes the concept of solipsism. The notion of gaze, central to the psychoanalysis of the painting, is linked to a variety of other, more substantial philosophical issues. For example, Foucaults interest in the enigma of representation stems from his conviction that representation is inherently linked to knowledge. Las Meninas, by virtu e of its spatial organization, allows application of deconstructive techniques to analyzing the painting itself and critically reflecting on concepts that are employed in this analysis. As Denzin (2007) notes, a deconstructive recital engages four polar terms (1) the real and its representations in a text (2) text and author (3) presence and lived experience (4) subjects and their designed meanings (p. 69).The painting offers an opportunity to reflect on all these relationship in order to arrive at the correct judgment about the nature of representation. Foucault believes that continent representation as defined in pre-Renaissance expiration based on equating thought and representation (i. e. the process of thinking was defined as employ ideas to represent objects) was limited in its inability to explore the real meaning of representation. The problem of the relation surrounded by reality and its representations is solved differently under different epistemological regimes.Cla ssical representation implies that the relation amidst reality and its representations is not the one of resemblance, since there are no characteristics of the idea that are themselves the representation of the object. Classical representation suggests that knowledge means having ideas that represent what a person knows. Descartes in his exploration of representation uses the concept of objective and formal reality for counterpositioning the object in the real world and the idea of that object in human thought.He discusses the sunshine as an example of interrelation between the two realities the representation of the sun in human thought is a small two-dimensional circle in the sky, while the formal, or real sun is huge and spherical (Berreitter, 2000). Foucault poses a question of how can populace verify whether representations of objects are adequate. It is an impossible task since for the reason it will require comparing idea with the object independently of its representation. However, humans do not know object only their representations.As Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2008) informs, the only accident is that the idea itself must make it apparent that it is a representation. The idea represents the very fact that it is a representation. This is on the button why Foucault (1994) believes in the exceptionality of Las Meninas. Due to the spatial organization of the painting, the necessary disappearance of that which is its foundation of the person it resembles and the person in whose eyes it is only a resemblance. This very subject which is the same has been elided.And representation, freed finally from the relation that was impeding it, can offer itself as representation in its pure form. Therefore, Las Meninas is a unique painting that is able to energize an in-depth exploration of core philosophical concepts. The fact that the painter is gazing at something that is visible to spectators in the mirror which the figures at the painting do not observe implies that the painting goes beyond the limits of Classical representation and calls for a deconstructive reading of the artwork.

Mandibular Prognathism by BSSO Study

Mandibular Prognathism by BSSO Study methodological analysisMETHODOLOGYPopulationConsisted of all the patients who reported to the Out Patient Department of Oral And Maxillofacial mathematical process for correction of facial deformity involving maxilla and mandible.SampleConsisted of 33 patients who underwent BSSO setback for inframaxillary prognathism keeped by wet Internal Fixation at the Department Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, Mar Baselios Dental College.Inclusion CriteriaPatients to a higher place age of 20 years for males 18 years for females.Patients who were treated by BSSO setback along with severe Internal Fixation for mandibular prognathism.Exclusion CriteriaPatients undergoing Bimaxillary surgeries.Patients undergoing Genioplasty along with BSSO.Patients with Medically compromised conditions.Patients with Craniofacial anomalies, Syndromes.A retrospective study was conducted on 33 patients (15 females and 18 males), with mean age of 22 years (age range of 19 28 years), who were operated for mandibular prognathism by BSSO at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam. The patients were selected according to above mentioned inclution and forcing out criterias. The surgical procedure was done by one chief operating surgeon. No maxillomandibular reversion was employ postoperatively. Pre and postsurgical orthodontics was carried out at the department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics, Mar Baselios Dental College, kothamangalam.A assess askance skull radiograph with adequate quality and exposure was taken pre operatively and after 6 months of follow up in natural head position Frankfurts horizontal flat solid parallel to the floor, the patois in relaxed position and the mandible in centric occlusion with exposure values of 80 KVp, 10 mA, and 1.30 seconds.Tracings of the lateral cephalograms were pencil traced on acetate paper. To improve the consistency the tracings and measu rements were taken by the same(p) investigator. Horizontal audience line was taken as 7 to SN at nasion. Vertical refer line was constructed orthogonal to horizontal reference line through Sella. Superimposition of traced preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalogram was done with respect to the horizontal and vertical reference lines. The position by side(p) cephalometric delegates and measurements were used.SSella Center of sella turcicaNNasion virtually front read of frontonasal surgical seamANSAnterior nasal bone Spine Anterior tip of the nasal spinePNSPosterior Nasal Spine The most posterior aspect of the palatal boneAPoint A innermost point on contour of maxilla between anterior nasal spine and incisor toothIsIncision capital eye of incisal edge of most prominent maxillary central incisorIiIncision Inferior Midpoint of incisal edge of most prominent mandibular central incisorBPoint B Innermost point on contour of mandible between incisor tooth and bony chinP GPogonion Most anterior point on osseous contour of chinMEMenton Most inferior midline point on mandibular symphysisCmColumella point Midpoint of columella of noseSnSubnasale Point at which columella merges with upper brim in midsagittal planeSLSSuperior Labial Sulcus Point of greatest concavity in middle of upper mouthpiece between subnasale and labrale superiusLsLabrale Superius Most anterior point of upper lipLiLabrale Inferius Most anterior point of light lipSLIInferior Labial Sulcus Point of greatest concavity in midline of lower lip between labrale inferius and flabby tissue pogonionpgSoft Tissue Pogonion Most prominent or anterior point on chin in midsagittal planemeSoft Tissue Menton Lowest point on contour of soft tissue chinStomsStomion Superius Most inferior point of upper lipStomiStomion Inferius Most superior point of lower lipSn-StomsUpper lip distanceStomi-meLower lip lengthG-Sn-PGFacial Convexity be given between soft tissue glabella, subnasale and soft tissue pogonionCm-Sn-LsNasolabial Angle Angle between columella and labrale superiusLi-SLI-pgLabiomental Fold Angle between lower lip and chin contourResearch methodologyIn the horizontal plane linear budges at following hard tissue ANS, A, Is, Ii, B, PG, ME and soft tissue Sn, SLS, Ls, Li, SLI, pg, me, Stoms, Stomi cephalometric points were measured in millimeters with mean and standard deviations were calculated.In the vertical plane linear changes at following hard tissue ANS, A, Is, Ii, B, PG, ME and soft tissue Sn, SLS, Ls, Li, SLI, pg, me, Stoms, Stomi cephalometric points were measured in millimeters with mean and standard deviations were calculated.Scatter patch diagram with Correlation Regression Analysis was done for the following points Li vs Ii, SLI vs B, PG vs pg, ME vs me were done in some(prenominal) horizontal and vertical plane.Change in length of lower third of face upper lip Sn-Stoms length and lower lip Stomi-me length were calculated along with mean and standard d eviation.The mean change in facial profile, Nasolabial angle and mentolabial fold were calculated.The ratio of change in the soft tissue reference points will be comp atomic number 18d with movements of corresponding 4 hard tissue references Li to Ii, SLI to B, PG to pg and ME to me in the horizontal plane. functional PROCEDUREAll the patients had undergone BSSO for correction of horizontal mandibular excess mandibular prognathism. All surgeries were carried out by the same surgeon.During the positioning of the patient before surgery the head end of the table is tilted by round 15. Hypotensive anaesthesia technique was used. Both these are intended to reduce intra operative eject.At the beginning of the procedure 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1 2,00,000 epinephrine is infiltrated into the buccal vestibule upto the midramus region of the mandible on both sides.Incision and dissectionThe incision is set(p) over the anterior aspect of the ramus extending from the midramus region r unning blue over the external oblique ridge upto the first molar region where it curves down to the buccal vestibule. Retracting the soft tissues buccally, before placing the incision go ons the initial exposure of the buccal fat pad. A sharp dissection is done in the ramus upto the periosteum.Periosteal dissection is started on the lateral aspect of the mandibular body from anterior ramus upto the second molar region extending to the inferior border. On the lateral aspect of the ramus dissection may be minimal only to achieve proper entryway and visibility. Medial dissection is done subperiosteally with a Howarths periosteal elevator and should be above the level of lingula and mandibular abatement which usually coincides with the deepest concavity of the anterior border of ramus. Later a channel retractor is inserted for average retraction so as to protect the mandibular neurovascular bundle.OsteotomyOsteotomy is done with surgical micromotor and burs. Its initiated on the c ortical bone of the medial side of ramus above the lingula extending from behind the mandibular foramen half to two-third of the anteroposterior dimension of the ramus running down onto the superior aspect of the body of the mandible and then extended to the external oblique ridge over the lateral aspect of the mandibular body upto the 1st molar region.Extending the cut towards the 1st molar region gives better accessibility for intraoral plating. The discretion of the cut should be minimal only to reach the cancellous bone. The vertical cut is extended to embarrass the inferior border so that the direction of the split is controlled. During the vertical cut a channel retractor is placed on the lateral aspect so as to protect the buccal soft tissues and facial artery.following the osteotomy, a small spatula osteotome is malleted into the site beginning from the medial cut, down the ramus, over the body upto the vertical cut. The spatula osteotome is tell laterally beneath the cor tical plate so that the neurovascular bundle is protected. Later larger osteotomes are used and finally the fragments are prised apart using a Smith spreader.As the fragments are prised the neurovascular bundle is fancy and care is taken to maintain it to the medial tooth bearing fragment. If the neurovascular bundle is found to be attached to the proximal condylar segment a small periosteal elevator is used to free the bundle and bring it to the medial fragment. Once this is done osteotomes in a wedging fashion or the Smith spreader is used vigourously until the spilt of the fragments are completed. The osteotomy is repeated on the opposite side of the mandible. When the mandible is setback, release of the medial pterygoid and masseter muscle is stripped, if needed to prevent the displacement of the condylar segment posteriorly.Later the tooth bearing medial segment is pushed back as a great deal as needed and the overlapping buccal plate of the proximal condylar segment is trimm ed such that the proximal segment rest passively on the cancellous part of medial segment with condyle in proper position.Stabilization and fixationThe position of jaw is adjusted and intermaxillary fixation is done with splint in position. Rigid internal fixation using 2mm four hole mini plate with gap and 2 6mm monocortical screws is the preferred way of fixation. The intermaxillary fixation is removed after the rigid fixation.Wound closureWounds are irrigated and bleeding is controlled. Wounds are closed with 3-0 vicryl sutures in layers.1